On September 5th, Justin Drake, a core researcher at the Ethereum Foundation, addressed "Are there any plans to further scale Ethereum Layer1 as Layer2 solutions mature? If so, what methods are being considered?" The question published a reply saying: The Ethereum Foundation's long-term sustainable plan is to leverage SNARKs to scale the mainnet's EVM execution, which is essentially unlimited. With real-time L1 EVM SNARKing, provers can validate cheap SNARKs, rather than naively re-execute EVM transactions. This will enable the mainnet to raise the gas limit by several orders of magnitude without burdening validators. All heavy EVM execution will take place outside of the consensus of dedicated nodes operated by entities such as searchers, builders, explorers, etc. Users and consensus participants will easily run their nodes on their phones or watches. In addition to the vertical scaling benefits that come with greatly increased L1 EVM gas limits, there is also the opportunity to verify EVM execution within EVM at low cost using EVM-in-EVM precompilation for arbitrary horizontal scaling. This pre-compilation will allow developers to programmatically launch new L1 EVM instances, unlocking a pressurized version of the execution of shardings, where the number of shardings is unlimited (instead of capping at 64 or 1024 shardings), and the individual shardings are programmable rollups (with programmable governance, sorting, gas) called "native rollups". (Reddit)