An dre Cron je, CTO of Sonic Labs, wrote: "L2 as an application chain is not logical for developers: When deployed, there is little infrastructure support (e.g. stablecoins, oracles, and institutional custody). No foundation or laboratory is available to assist. The centralized architecture is vulnerable to attack. Decentralize liquidity and force it through a cross-chain bridge. Lack of user and developer communities. Spend your time dealing with the aforementioned issues, rather than applications and users. Eliminate network effects; Long transaction confirmation times are still required (some suppliers are unwilling to cooperate). Developed independently (without a collaborative team). AppChain also grossly underestimates the cost of infrastructure and compliance (browsers, hosting, trading platforms, oracles, bridges, toolkits, IDEs, on/off ramps, native distribution and integration, regulation, compliance). Already $14 million has been spent in 2024 alone, a significant portion of which is recurring costs. "